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猴痘「正在人傳人」擴散14國 天花疫苗保護力達85％美砸重金收購
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國際中心／王溫鈴報導
世界衛生組織（WHO）表示，猴痘（Monkeypox）已擴散到全球14國、感染人數累計92例，其中又以西班牙通報的病例最多。據資料顯示，現有的病例都出現在「密切身體接觸」的人群中，代表猴痘有「人傳人」的情況。而美國疾病管制與預防中心（CDC），在出現猴痘案例後，迅速購買約數百萬劑的猴痘疫苗「Jynneos」。
猴痘病毒與天花病毒一樣，都屬於「正痘病毒」的一種，是罕見的人畜共通的傳染疾病。一般人感染後可能出現發燒、頭痛、肌肉酸痛、淋巴腫大、畏寒、疲倦等症狀，而且臉部及四肢都會出現皮疹，感染者大約會在2至4週內痊癒，而致死率則是0至10％。
至於「人傳人」的途徑是藉由接觸到感染者的呼吸道分泌物、皮膚損傷部位或曾被污染的物品等，通常需要長時間的面對面接觸才可能發生「呼吸道飛沫傳染」；另外猴痘病毒還可經由性行為及母嬰傳播。
雖然目前猴痘並無特定的治療方式，但可透過預防來控制爆發感染，根據美國疾病管制與預防中心數據顯示，天花疫苗對於猴痘病毒的有效性高達85%。一款由丹麥Bavarian Nordic公司所生產的「Jynneos」疫苗，是世界上目前唯一能預防猴痘的疫苗。而美國自從出現猴痘確診案例後，當局隨即下訂1.19億美元（約新台幣35.3億元）的Jynneos疫苗訂單，數量約數百萬劑。
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