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飛美國生小孩難拿綠卡了！川普簽超嚴行政令「2種寶寶」恐成無國籍
發布時間：2025/01/21 19:33:42
更新時間：2025/01/21 19:33:42
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國際中心／李明融報導
美國總統川普（Donald Trump）於美東時間1月20日宣示就職，正式成為美國第47任總統，就職首日就簽署一連串的行政命令，其中一項就是要廢除「出生公民權」（birthright citizenship），讓美國不再是「身分屬地主義」，凡是在美國出生小孩將不再自動獲得美國身分，行政令在公布後30天生效，「2種寶寶」恐怕無法擁有美國人身分，這對特別飛往美國生產想獲得綠卡的外國人來說無疑是一大阻礙，不過相關命令是否有溯及既往效力仍未可知，且這項命令與美國憲法《第14條修正法案》相抵觸，預計將會面臨法律挑戰。
若行政令不牴觸不溯及既往情況下，「2種新生兒」將無法獲得美國公民權，包括「嬰兒的母親在小孩出生的時候，屬於非法居留在美國的狀態，且嬰兒的父親並非美國公民或綠卡持有人」、「嬰兒的母親在小孩出生的時候使用觀光簽證、學生簽證、工作簽證等臨時性的非移民簽證在美國合法居留，且嬰兒的父親亦非美國公民或綠卡持有人」。而這項新的行政令簽署之後，遭受到當地移民人權團體抗議，指控川普已違《第14修正案》，表明要提告到底，也有許多美國憲法法學教授也認為該命令顯然已違憲。
